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[40] In 1900, Einstein passed the exams in Maths and Physics and was awarded a Federal teaching diploma. Later studies, however, have disproved these theories, though some researchers maintain that Harveys work was correct. However, he did not enjoy it at that age. Einstein conducted other investigations that were unsuccessful and abandoned. [173] He also promoted the establishment of an Oriental Studies Institute, to include language courses given in both Hebrew and Arabic. Harvey reportedly transported parts of the brain across the country in a cider box that he kept stashed under a beer cooler. One's thoughts cannot . Einstein became a full professor at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911, accepting Austrian citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to do so. The numbers matched nicely. He served on the advisory board of the First Humanist Society of New York,[186] and was an honorary associate of the Rationalist Association, which publishes New Humanist in Britain. [94] In 1916, Einstein was elected president of the German Physical Society (19161918). None of the nominations in 1921 met the criteria set by Alfred Nobel, so the 1921 prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922.[12]. [130], Einstein was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany. [142], Einstein was still undecided on his future. Albert Einstein, "Religion and Science," New York Times Magazine, November 9, 1930. Wikimedia CommonsThe genius was a lifelong pipe smoker, and some believe this contributed to Albert Einsteins cause of death. Einstein taught himself to play without "ever practicing systematically". Ordinarily the density fluctuations are controlled by the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the density. He was 76. [10][11] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect",[12] a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. [233][234] Einstein's prediction was confirmed on 11 February 2016, when researchers at LIGO published the first observation of gravitational waves,[235] detected on Earth on 14 September 2015, nearly one hundred years after the prediction.[233][236][237][238][239]. By contrast, gravitational waves cannot exist in the Newtonian theory of gravitation, which postulates that the physical interactions of gravity propagate at infinite speed. "[272], Although Einstein was wrong about local realism, his clear prediction of the unusual properties of its opposite, entangled quantum states, has resulted in the EPR paper becoming among the most influential papers published in Physical Review. The 12-year-old Einstein taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry over a single summer. [65][66] Later, after the death of his second wife Elsa, Einstein was briefly in a relationship with Margarita Konenkova. In 1935, Einstein collaborated with Nathan Rosen to produce a model of a wormhole, often called EinsteinRosen bridges. [153] In 1954, a year before his death, Einstein said to his old friend, Linus Pauling, "I made one great mistake in my lifewhen I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justificationthe danger that the Germans would make them"[154] In 1955, Einstein and ten other intellectuals and scientists, including British philosopher Bertrand Russell, signed a manifesto highlighting the danger of nuclear weapons. "[191][192], His mother played the piano reasonably well and wanted her son to learn the violin, not only to instill in him a love of music but also to help him assimilate into German culture. In addition to longtime collaborators Leopold Infeld, Nathan Rosen, Peter Bergmann and others, Einstein also had some one-shot collaborations with various scientists. Albert's cause of death was heart failure. [241] He discovered that the general field equations predicted a universe that was dynamic, either contracting or expanding. No matter how far the two particles were separated, a precise position measurement on one particle would result in equally precise knowledge of the position of the other particle; likewise, a precise momentum measurement of one particle would result in equally precise knowledge of the momentum of the other particle, without needing to disturb the other particle in any way. [136], Einstein later contacted leaders of other nations, including Turkey's Prime Minister, smet nn, to whom he wrote in September 1933 requesting placement of unemployed German-Jewish scientists. I have done my share, it is time to go. The results of these and subsequent experiments demonstrate that quantum physics cannot be represented by any version of the picture of physics in which "particles are regarded as unconnected independent classical-like entities, each one being unable to communicate with the other after they have separated. [175] Nevertheless, upon the death of Israeli president Weizmann in November 1952, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion offered Einstein the largely ceremonial position of President of Israel at the urging of Ezriel Carlebach. He said that "love is a better teacher than a sense of duty". [26] When the family moved to Pavia, Einstein, then 15, stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Einstein died of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, the same condition that caused the death of actor George C. Scott, famous for his portrayal of General George Patton in the 1970 movie, "Patton." In the Einstein model, each atom oscillates independentlya series of equally spaced quantized states for each oscillator. Earlier, in 1921, he was asked by the biochemist and president of the World Zionist Organization, Chaim Weizmann, to help raise funds for the planned university. When asked if he wanted surgery, Einstein replied, "I don't want to go when I want to go." It is extremely tasteless, which can artificially prolong life. No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this. [199], Einstein refused surgery, saying, "I want to go when I want. [citation needed], This formulation is a form of second quantization, but it predates modern quantum mechanics. According to another study, men who smoked were 7.6 times more likely to experience a fatal AAA. Two papers he published in 19021903 (thermodynamics) attempted to interpret atomic phenomena from a statistical point of view. I live my daydreams in music. [132] Locker-Lampson invited him to stay near his Cromer home in a wooden cabin on Roughton Heath in the Parish of Roughton, Norfolk. She has even turned upon her most glorious citizen, Albert Einstein, who is the supreme example of the selfless intellectualThe man, who, beyond all others, approximates a citizen of the world, is without a home. Martinez, A. Albert Einstein had a long medical history. In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. [25] The loss forced the sale of the Munich factory. "[163][164] His opinions on the Bolsheviks also changed with time. I will do it elegantly.. In a 1905 paper,[213] Einstein postulated that light itself consists of localized particles (quanta). [178] Einstein wrote that he was "deeply moved", but "at once saddened and ashamed" that he could not accept it. ", It thus appears that Einstein considered a steady-state model of the expanding universe many years before Hoyle, Bondi and Gold. In June 1913, the Entwurf ('draft') theory was the result of these investigations. Considered one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century, Einstein published . Einstein suggested to Erwin Schrdinger that he might be able to reproduce the statistics of a BoseEinstein gas by considering a box. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory . Einstein was a genius, no doubt about it, so where does that put Einstein's IQ? Einstein noted in 1911 that the same adiabatic principle shows that the quantity which is quantized in any mechanical motion must be an adiabatic invariant. [233] The explanation for the decay in their orbital period was that they were emitting gravitational waves. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. Albert Einstein's Desk. Einstein also published his own articles describing the model and its implications, among them the BoseEinstein condensate phenomenon that some particulates should appear at very low temperatures. [151] In addition to the letter, Einstein used his connections with the Belgian Royal Family[152] and the Belgian queen mother to get access with a personal envoy to the White House's Oval Office. [142] At the time, most American universities, including Harvard, Princeton and Yale, had minimal or no Jewish faculty or students, as a result of their Jewish quotas, which lasted until the late 1940s. [250][251] In a hitherto overlooked manuscript, apparently written in early 1931, Einstein explored a model of the expanding universe in which the density of matter remains constant due to a continuous creation of matter, a process he associated with the cosmological constant. Einstein concluded that each wave of frequency f is associated with a collection of photons with energy hf each, where h is Planck's constant. From the 1910s until her death, Elsa Einstein was an invaluable aide and trusted companion to her famous physicist husband Albert. Albert Einstein was a German physicist during the 20th century who made an important mark in the mathematics and physics disciplines. Einstein and De Haas demonstrated that magnetization is due to the motion of electrons, nowadays known to be the spin. Banquet Speech by R. Nadolny (in German)", "The Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations", "Albert Einstein Quits Germany, Renounces Citizenship", "3 October 1933 Albert Einstein presents his final speech given in Europe, at the Royal Albert Hall", "Professor Einstein with Commander Locker-Lampson", "What a Freshly Discovered Einstein Letter Says About Turkey Today", "How Einstein fled from the Nazis to an Oxford college", "The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb", "On My Participation in the Atom Bomb Project", "How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism", "Why the FBI Kept a 1,400-Page File on Einstein", "Einstein on Gandhi (Einstein's letter to Gandhi Courtesy:Saraswati Albano-Mller & Notes by Einstein on Gandhi Source: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)", "Brace Yourself! The first was his encounter with a compass when he was five years old. Even though Einsteins doctors had told him to quit smoking various times throughout his life, the genius rarely hung up the vice for long. Information about the death of Albert Einstein; Cause of death: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Age of death: 76 years: Profession: Physicist: Birthday: March 14, 1879: Death date: April 18, 1955: Place of death: Princeton, New Jersey, United States: For other uses, see, Resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study, Thermodynamic fluctuations and statistical physics, General relativity and the equivalence principle, Adiabatic principle and action-angle variables, Einstein's objections to quantum mechanics, In the German Empire, citizens were exclusively subjects of one of the 27, "Their leaders in Germany have not driven out her cut-throats and her blackguards. A different theory concerning the existence of Albert Einstein's daughter says Lieserl Einstein was born completely disabled due to the lack of care for the mother who had to keep her pregnancy a secret to avoid criticisms. He is sometimes erroneously credited as the editor of the 1937 edition of the Kchel catalog of Mozart's work; that edition was prepared by Alfred Einstein, who may have been a distant relation. Albert Einstein (/anstan/ EYEN-styne;[6] German: [albt antan] (listen); 14 March 1879 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist,[7] widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Princeton UniversityPeople flocked to the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University upon hearing of Einsteins death. [266] Until the end of his life, he continued to maintain that quantum mechanics was incomplete.[267]. World-renowned physicist Albert Einstein passed away in Princeton Hospital in New Jersey on 18 April, 1955. [131] Four days later he returned to the US and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study,[138][141] noted for having become a refuge for scientists fleeing Nazi Germany. [213], In 1907, Einstein proposed a model of matter where each atom in a lattice structure is an independent harmonic oscillator. The underlying claims between the parties in that lawsuit were ultimately settled. Einstein was very much obsessed with smoking. "[167] The FBI created a secret dossier on Einstein in 1932, and by the time of his death his FBI file was 1,427 pages long. Books and equations litter Einsteins study. [12] While the general theory of relativity was still considered somewhat controversial, the citation also does not treat even the cited photoelectric work as an explanation but merely as a discovery of the law, as the idea of photons was considered outlandish and did not receive universal acceptance until the 1924 derivation of the Planck spectrum by S. N. Bose. Mount Einstein in the Chugach Mountains of Alaska was named in 1955. Einstein . Bob Einstein, whose career as a comedy writer took a quirky turn into television acting as the hapless daredevil Super Dave Osborne, and later as a friend of Larry David's on . The people applaud me because everybody understands me, and they applaud you because no one understands you, Charlie Chaplin once told him. [265] Bruria Kaufman, his assistant, later became a physicist. Einstein died on April 18 . [275], In 1926, Einstein and his former student Le Szilrd co-invented (and in 1930, patented) the Einstein refrigerator. Arnold Sommerfeld identified this adiabatic invariant as the action variable of classical mechanics. Though Einstein was initially charmed and impressed by Maria, an archive of nearly 1,400 letters written by Einstein gave evidence that he became detached and even cruel to his first wife. In 1908, he became a Privatdozent at the University of Bern. The right is enforceable, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is the exclusive representative of that right. Due to internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, Einstein passed away on 17 April 1955 in New Jersey USA. Assuming the energy of rotating diatomic molecules contains zero-point energy, they then compared the theoretical specific heat of hydrogen gas with the experimental data. [30] Einstein also independently discovered his own original proof of the Pythagorean theorem aged 12. Since the equations of general relativity are non-linear, a lump of energy made out of pure gravitational fields, like a black hole, would move on a trajectory which is determined by the Einstein field equations themselves, not by a new law. Inside The Death Of Albert Einstein And The Strange Afterlife Of His Brain. Albert Einstein is one of the most prominent figures in science. According to another study, men who smoked were 7.6 times more likely to experience a fatal AAA. [21], Albert Einstein was born in Ulm,[7] in the Kingdom of Wrttemberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879 into a family of secular Ashkenazi Jews. Despite his inquisitive nature and academic background, however, Einstein struggled to secure a research position. Ralph Morse/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty ImagesEinsteins son, Hans Albert Einstein (in light suit), and Einsteins longtime secretary Helen Dukas (in light coat), at the Ewing Crematorium in Trenton, New Jersey the day after Einstein died. [109], From 1922 to 1932, Einstein was a member of the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations in Geneva (with a few months of interruption in 19231924),[110] a body created to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists, and intellectuals. His friendship with Millikan was "awkward", as Millikan "had a penchant for patriotic militarism", where Einstein was a pronounced pacifist. Carl Laemmle, head of Universal Studios, gave Einstein a tour of his studio and introduced him to Chaplin. [3], Einstein resigned from the Prussian Academy in March 1933. The effect of density fluctuations is that light of all wavelengths is scattered, making the fluid look milky white. From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967 This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . Einstein, as a Jew, objected to the policies of the newly elected Nazi government;[19] he settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. Death, Done, Want. He had an older brother, Hans Albert Einstein, who was six years his senior. "[148][149] To make certain the US was aware of the danger, in July 1939, a few months before the beginning of World War II in Europe, Szilrd and Wigner visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein, a pacifist, said he had never considered. Hans Albert in 2005 He married and had four children his first wife, Frieda Knecht. It almost seems to me that man was not born to be a carnivore."[190]. [note 3][140] Both bills failed, however, and Einstein then accepted an earlier offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, US, to become a resident scholar. Albert Einsteins cluttered office desk after he died. In a German-language letter to philosopher Eric Gutkind, dated 3 January 1954, Einstein wrote: The word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. The cause of his death was the rupture of an aneurysm, which had already been. This article showed that the statistics of absorption and emission of light would only be consistent with Planck's distribution law if the emission of light into a mode with n photons would be enhanced statistically compared to the emission of light into an empty mode. [37], Einstein's future wife, a 20-year-old Serbian named Mileva Mari, also enrolled at the polytechnic school that year. [222] Einstein quantitatively derived critical opalescence from a treatment of density fluctuations, and demonstrated how both the effect and Rayleigh scattering originate from the atomistic constitution of matter. His last words were in German and were not understood by the nurse. When World War I hit, Einstein publicly opposed Germanys nationalist fervor. [104] In his own travel diaries from his 192223 visit to Asia, he expresses some views on the Chinese, Japanese and Indian people, which have been described as xenophobic and racist judgments when they were rediscovered in 2018. During this period, Einstein tried to develop a unified field theory and to refute the accepted interpretation of quantum physics, both unsuccessfully. Albert Einstein was one of the greatest geniuses in the history of science. Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910). Du Bois and was prepared to testify on his behalf during his trial in 1951. Albert Einstein (Credit: thongyhod / Shutterstock.com) On the 12th of April Einstein experienced sudden and severe abdominal pain, but refused to call for a doctor. In 1908, Hermann Minkowski reinterpreted special relativity in geometric terms as a theory of spacetime. Dr. Albert Einstein Dies in Sleep at 76; World Mourns Loss of Great Scientist By THE NEW YORK TIMES Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, Wuerttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. These properties led Einstein to believe that pairs of particles and antiparticles could be described in this way. The world-famous physicist, Einstein, who lived and died in seclusion, was cremated without any funeral services at 4:10 PM in West Trenton, N.J., with only 15 relatives and close friends attending. [262] BoseEinstein statistics are now used to describe the behaviors of any assembly of bosons. 1. [252][253] As he stated in the paper, "In what follows, I would like to draw attention to a solution to equation (1) that can account for Hubbel's [sic] facts, and in which the density is constant over time" "If one considers a physically bounded volume, particles of matter will be continually leaving it. He finally figured out a way to handle the incessant inquiries. CNN . [7], Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of five, for three years. [36] On the advice of the principal of the polytechnic school, he attended the Argovian cantonal school (gymnasium) in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895 and 1896 to complete his secondary schooling. In the period before World War II, The New Yorker published a vignette in their "The Talk of the Town" feature saying that Einstein was so well known in America that he would be stopped on the street by people wanting him to explain "that theory". Although the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class in 1906, he had not given up on academia. After his death, his brain was preserved in a mutter museum the brain is 20 microns thick and stained with Cresyl Violet, which is preserved in glass slides. Albert Einstein died on April 18th, 1955, after a blood vessel burst near his heart. His name was Dr. Thomas Harvey, and he was convinced that Einsteins brain needed to be studied as he was one of the most intelligent men in the world. The group's warnings were discounted. Albert Einstein's death was caused by abdominal aortic aneurysm. But the next day his son, Hans Albert, read that the body in the coffin had not been intact. From 1912 until 1914, he was a professor of theoretical physics at the ETH Zurich, where he taught analytical mechanics and thermodynamics. Einstein was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1921. [193], When he turned 13, he discovered the violin sonatas of Mozart, whereupon he became enamored of Mozart's compositions and studied music more willingly. I cannot see anything 'chosen' about them.[188]. [270] In a thought experiment, they considered two particles, which had interacted such that their properties were strongly correlated. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. ", For a discussion of the reception of relativity theory around the world, and the different controversies it encountered, see the articles in. This model became known as the Einstein World or Einstein's static universe. When Albert Einstein died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on April 18, 1955, he left behind an unparalleled legacy. [58][93] As World War I broke out that year, the plan for Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics was delayed. [16][17] He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. he was He is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. [31] A family tutor Max Talmud says that after he had given the 12-year-old Einstein a geometry textbook, after a short time "[Einstein] had worked through the whole book. However, he became displeased with modern quantum mechanics as it had evolved after 1925, despite its acceptance by other physicists. Bob Einstein, whose 50-year career as a comedy writer and performer ranged from "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour" to Larry David's "Curb Your Enthusiasm," has died. But Einstein's brain was a different matter. Besides agreeing with the aims of vegetarianism for aesthetic and moral reasons, it is my view that a vegetarian manner of living by its purely physical effect on the human temperament would most beneficially influence the lot of mankind. Albert Einstein wrote about his ideas on achieving happiness back in 1922. The theory of general relativity has a fundamental lawthe Einstein field equations, which describe how space curves. Walter Isaacson, Einstein's biographer, described this as "one of the most memorable scenes in the new era of celebrity". He captured shelves with sloppily piled books, equations scrawled on a chalkboard, and notes scattered across Einsteins desk. Their second son, Klaus, died at the age of six from diphtheria, according to einstein-website.de, and their third son, David, died when he was only a month old. While developing general relativity, Einstein became confused about the gauge invariance in the theory. [126] Historian Gerald Holton describes how, with "virtually no audible protest being raised by their colleagues", thousands of Jewish scientists were suddenly forced to give up their university positions and their names were removed from the rolls of institutions where they were employed. Perhaps the case of Einsteins brain can be summed up in this quote he once scrawled across the blackboard of his Princeton University office: Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.. Albert Einstein died on the 18th of April, 1955, due to an abdominal aortic aneurysm that burst and caused internal bleeding. Mount Einstein in New Zealand's Paparoa Range was named after him in 1970 by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Einstein's genius, Galaburda says, was probably due to "some combination of a special brain and the environment he lived in." He later wrote that the spirit of learning and creative thought was lost in strict rote learning. The job provided the security Einstein needed to marry his long-term girlfriend, with whom he had two children. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. [228][229], In 1911, Einstein published another article "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light" expanding on the 1907 article, in which he estimated the amount of deflection of light by massive bodies. Before his death in 1955, Albert Einstein had requested that he be cremated, so his corpse didn't become the plaything of superfans and scientists. Portions of his brain (it was later dissected) are held by museums. At 01:15 in the morning of 18 April 1955, Albert Einstein - theoretical physicist, peace campaigner and undisputed genius - mumbled a few words in German, took two breaths, and died. She was the only woman among the six students in the mathematics and physics section of the teaching diploma course. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. This paper would inspire Schrdinger's work of 1926. Shortly after his death, his ideas achieved wide acceptance with the help of Max Planck and Albert Einstein In a dramatic epilogue to his life, Boltzmann's theory achieved the deserved breakthrough and acceptance among scientists only shortly after his death, with the help of Max Planck and Albert Einstein. [196][197] Near the end of his life, when the young Juilliard Quartet visited him in Princeton, he played his violin with them, and the quartet was "impressed by Einstein's level of coordination and intonation". [254][255] However, Einstein's steady-state model contained a fundamental flaw and he quickly abandoned the idea.[252][253][256]. [100][101], He also published an essay, "My First Impression of the U.S.A.", in July 1921, in which he tried briefly to describe some characteristics of Americans, much as had Alexis de Tocqueville, who published his own impressions in Democracy in America (1835). The rising Nazi movement found a convenient target in relativity, branding it "Jewish physics" and sponsoring conferences and book burnings to denounce Einstein and his theories. [18] Second, he attempted to devise a unified field theory by generalizing his geometric theory of gravitation to include electromagnetism. Albert Einstein Death. In May 1904, their son Hans Albert Einstein was born in Bern, Switzerland. "[165] Einstein offered and was called on to give judgments and opinions on matters often unrelated to theoretical physics or mathematics. Max Planck and Walther Nernst visited him the next week in Zurich to persuade him to join the academy, additionally offering him the post of director at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, which was soon to be established. [98] In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". this was not totally unexpected because he had been already diagnosed before. I will do it elegantly. University of Zurich. 2 3537: 'A Reply to the Soviet Scientists, December 1947', Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Member of the National Academy of Sciences, citizenship in the German Kingdom of Wrttemberg, "Folgerungen aus den Capillarittserscheinungen", Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1921, International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Religious and philosophical views of Albert Einstein, German Vegetarian Federation (Deutsche Vegetarier-Bund), University Medical Center of Princeton at Plainsboro, The Development of our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, List of awards and honors received by Albert Einstein, List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein, "ber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt", "ber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wrme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen", "Ist die Trgheit eines Krpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhngig?